Genki Grammar #87: Mastering Number + mo / Number + shika + Negative

Introduction

In Japanese, expressing quantities can take on different meanings depending on the particles you use. The particles も (mo) and しか (shika) change how we understand numbers, helping us say “as many as” or “only.” In this blog post, we’ll explore how to use these structures effectively in your conversations.

What It Means

• Number + も (mo): This structure is used when you want to emphasize that the quantity is large, meaning “as many as.”
• Number + しか (shika) + Negative: This structure is used when you want to express that the quantity is small, meaning “only” or “as few as.” You must use a negative verb with しか.

When You Use It

• Use Number + も when you want to highlight an unexpectedly large amount of something.
• Use Number + しか + Negative when you want to point out that there is a small quantity of something, often with a sense of limitation.

Examples

Here are some examples to help you understand how to use these structures:

1. Number + も (mo):
   • 私の母は犬を五匹も飼っています。
     (Watashi no haha wa inu o gohiki mo katteimasu.)
     My mother owns as many as five dogs.
   • きのうのパーティーには友達が20人も来ました。
     (Kinou no paatii ni wa tomodachi ga nijuu-nin mo kimashita.)
     As many as twenty friends showed up at the party yesterday.
2. Number + しか + Negative:
   • 私は英語の本を一冊しか持っていません。
     (Watashi wa eigo no hon o issatsu shika motteimasen.)
     I have only one English book.
   • この会社にはトイレが一つしかありません。
     (Kono kaisha ni wa toire ga hitotsu shika arimasen.)
     There is only one toilet in this company.

Note

Remember, when using しか, the verb must be in the negative form. This is essential for showing that there is only a small amount or not enough of something.

Conclusion

Mastering Number + も and Number + しか + Negative will help you express quantities more precisely in Japanese. Whether you want to emphasize a large number or point out a small quantity, these structures will enhance your communication.