Introduction
In Japanese, the word 時 (toki) is used to indicate when something happens. It connects two events: an action or state (A) and the main event (B).
What it Means
The word 時 (toki) means “when” or “at the time of.” It’s used to describe the time an event (B) happens in relation to another action or state (A).
When You Use It
When using 時 (toki), the tense of the first sentence (A) depends on the timing of the action in relation to the second action (B). If the action in A is ongoing or in the future when B happens, use the present tense. If the action in A is completed by the time B happens, use the past tense. 時 helps describe when things happen, whether you’re talking about something you’re going to do or something that has already occurred.
Examples
中国へ行く時、ビザを取ります。(chuugoku e iku toki, biza o torimasu)
When I go to China, I will get a visa.
疲れた時、お風呂に入ります。(tsukareta toki, ofuro ni hairimasu)
When I get tired, I will take a bath.
You use the te-iru form when describing an ongoing action during which something else happens: Youtubeを見ている時、友だちから電話がありました。(Youtube o miteiru toki, tomodachi kara denwa ga arimashita)
While I was watching YouTube, I got a call from a friend.
Note
It’s important to carefully choose the tense for sentence A based on the relationship between the two events. Also, using the ている (te-iru) form shows that the action is continuous during which B happens.
Conclusion
Mastering 時 (toki) can help you better express when events happen in relation to one another, allowing for more precise communication in Japanese.
Recommended Resources
If you’re looking to deepen your understanding of Japanese grammar, especially topics like “-toki,” I highly recommend “A Guide to Japanese Grammar: A Japanese Approach to Learning Japanese Grammar“ by Tae Kim. This book explains even the most complex grammar points in a way that is clear and approachable, perfect for learners at any level. It covers both casual and formal speech patterns, giving you a well-rounded understanding of the language. You can check it out on Amazon if you’re interested in exploring Japanese grammar in more depth.
